In Canada, there is no specific age at which someone automatically receives “free” citizenship. However, the process for obtaining Canadian citizenship is different for minors (those under 18 years of age) and adults, and in some cases, minors may be granted citizenship without having to meet all the standard requirements, such as passing a citizenship test or demonstrating language proficiency.
Children born in Canada automatically acquire Canadian citizenship at birth, regardless of their parents’ citizenship or immigration status, as long as at least one parent is not a foreign diplomat. This is guaranteed under jus soli, or “right of the soil,” which is enshrined in Canadian law.
Children born outside Canada to Canadian citizens can also obtain citizenship, though they typically must go through a process called a “proof of citizenship” application. If a child is born abroad and only one parent is a Canadian citizen, that child is generally eligible for Canadian citizenship by descent, but only for one generation born abroad. A recent court decision has found the one generational limit to be unconstitutional, so there changes can be expected in this regard.
For children under 18 who are applying for citizenship (not by birthright), they can apply without meeting the physical presence requirement or passing the citizenship test, provided they are permanent residents and have at least one Canadian citizen parent or legal guardian applying on their behalf. In such cases, the child’s application fee is significantly lower than the adult fee, and the process may be considered “easier” or “more accessible,” but not technically “free.”
While Canada does offer fee waivers in some immigration categories for humanitarian reasons, there is no broad provision granting “free” citizenship based purely on age. Citizenship fees can sometimes be waived for minors under government care or in special circumstances, but this is rare and assessed on a case-by-case basis.
In summary, there is no automatic free citizenship based on age in Canada, but minors—especially those with Canadian citizen parents or those born in Canada—can become citizens through simplified or automatic processes. Adults must meet more stringent requirements, including residency, language ability, and a citizenship test. Everyone, regardless of age, must apply unless they acquire citizenship by birth in Canada.