Applying for Canadian citizenship is an important step for many immigrants who want to fully participate in Canadian society. The process involves several steps and requires applicants to meet specific eligibility criteria set by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
First, to be eligible, you must be a permanent resident of Canada. This means you have been granted permission to live in Canada permanently but are not yet a citizen. In addition to being a permanent resident, you must have lived in Canada for at least 1,095 days (about three years) during the five years before applying. Time spent in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person may count toward this requirement, but only partially.
You must also meet the personal income tax filing requirements. Specifically, you need to have filed your taxes for at least three years within the five-year period before applying, if required under the Income Tax Act.
Another key part of the application process is demonstrating knowledge of Canada. If you are between the ages of 18 and 54, you must take a citizenship test to show you understand Canadian history, values, institutions, and symbols. The test is usually a written multiple-choice exam, though it can be done orally in some cases. Language skills are also required: you must demonstrate adequate knowledge of either English or French. This can be proven through documents like language test results or proof of education in one of Canada’s official languages.
Once you meet all the requirements, you can complete the application form, gather your supporting documents (such as your permanent resident card, travel documents, and proof of language ability), and pay the application fee. As of 2025, the fee for adults is $630, and for minors (under 18), it is $100.
You can submit your application online or by mail. After submission, IRCC will review your application, contact you if they need more information, and invite you to take the citizenship test if required. If all goes well, you will receive an invitation to a citizenship ceremony, where you take the Oath of Citizenship. After taking the oath, you officially become a Canadian citizen.
It’s a detailed process, but for many, it marks the start of a new chapter in a country known for its diversity, democracy, and respect for rights and freedoms.